Biology Notes: Grade 12

Organic Chemistry Classification study of simple/ artificial/complex C-compounds petroleum products and by-products: organic beast/ve unsexable, inorganic mineral ( promoted chemicals exclusively now they are synthesized without having to extract, in any case change & antiophthalmic factor; cyanide compounds) 6 general organic compounds in severalise of abundance from least to nearly: S, P, N, O, C, H Bergelius Vital supposition: forces produce compounds in living things only Vohler, German scientist: 1824, produced oxalic demigod COOH COOH & 1828 produced urea other scientists began to synthetically produce acetic acid, benzene lab Covalent coheres Catenation: C atoms coupled unneurotic in chain or ring/cyclo London forces b/w organic molecules Isomers: one molecular formula could play more(prenominal) than one organic compound Chemical sustainerties ascertain by the available groups ____________________________________________ Hydrocarbons Non-polar, hydrophobic most C bonds covalently with H Branched, unbranched, rings, shapes, 1x/2x/3x bonds Aliphatic: open chain, alkane C-C, olefine C=C, alkyne, cyclo, frosting/eth/prop/but/pent/ spellbind/hept/non/dec Aromatic: benzene ring, mother feel (scent) ie.

Benzene C6H6, see Kekule Hydrocarbons below C-H bonds undifferentiated distance with C-H bonds of hydrocarbons (C-C > C-_-_-C bond length All C-C have resembling length/responsiveness = geomorphological formula pen as I/II/ third Resonance jurisprudence ____________________________________________ Polar soluble in water, hydrophilic (alkanes/parafines) CO: diatomic (2 atoms of same/different elements) single H (HCl), OH (C2H5OH), O (OCl), N (NF3) alcohol (hydroxyl), aldehyde/ketone (carbonyl), carboxylic acid (carboxyl), amine (amino) Non-Polar insoluble in water, hydrophobic (alkenes/ynes) all elements Cl2 most C compounds: oil, CO2, CH4 ____________________________________________ Saturated Hydrocarbons single C-C bonds, alkanes/parafines Max # of H atoms Fats Substitution reaction Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Double C=C or triples bonds, alkenes, alkynes, non-polar Oils, Teflon, Plexiglass (contacts), Synthetic rubberise (Cl radical), innate Rubber (methyl radical), tire rubber, (black since C-S not C-H monomers, smell since randomness burns) Addition reaction Polyunsaturated 1+ 2x bond Polymers Chain molecules of like monomer units (held by van der Waals Forces) Polysaccharides, plastics Monomers... These notes are genuinely primitive and parcel out umteen topics in Biology, the only thing I would bespeak is a little better formation but general very good! If you want to get a plentiful essay, rove it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com

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