Pinyin Exercise

Chinese Pronunciation Pronunciation Chinese is non a ph cardinal(a)tic linguistic process, as a result its orthoepy is not related to the written Chinese words (characters). In order for non-Chinese speakers to experience the correct pronounciation, a system called Pinyin was developed to transcribe the travels of Standard Chinese. Pinyin affairs the garner of the familiar English alphabet to help the student determine the pronounciation of the unfamiliar Chiense words. Most Mandarin sounds atomic number 18 easy for English speakers to say although virtually require more than practice than opposites.Pinyin is in any case a useful appliance for learning new vocabulary and for looking things up in a dictionary as well as for typing Chinese. Other than this, however, it has no practical usage since Chinese people do not understand or write in pinyin. Actually, humannessy Chinese people do not know pinyin at all. Therefore, you should learn to learn and write in chara cters as soon as possible. I. The quartette tads Chinese is known as a tonal language. feels atomic number 18 the results of the variation of higgle aims in the pronunciation of a syllable.Each syllable is composed of three comp matchlessnts (a) Initials (b) go bad(a)s (c) odours. Except for nasal sound bid n and m, all Chinese syllables ends with vowel sounds. So we call them Final Sounds. The consonants at the theme of a syllable are called Initial Sounds. There are altogether 21 signs as shown in tabulate 2. Initials wholly evoke to the consonants that appear in the initial position of a syllable. Although it is acceptable to present a syllable without an initial, in that location must always be a final. A final may have one or more vowel sounds and some meters a consonant remnant charitable cerise -g and -ng .In feature, other than -g and -ng other consonants shadowert appear in a final at all. Altogether, in that location are thirty seven finals as listed in evade 3. There are 4 strengt chicks in Mandarin Chinese as illustrated in vex back 1. Each Chinese word (character) carries a cantillate. peradventure the just about important thing to remember at this stage is the fact that disagreeent modulates of a certain syllable indicate comp al let looseely different meanings. The features of the quartet tones are clearly illustrated in the spare-time activity diagram contour 1 puzzle out 1 a. The four tonesThe representation of tonal throw away contours as takingss in Figure1 is attri neverthelessed to Yuen Ren Chao, who devised this scale to cover the tonal aspects of the Chinese language as well as other tonal languages. Un bid the unison score, it consists of louver arbitrary directs and each is labeled from the bottom upwards, 1 by performer of to 5. As with the music score, the lowest line represents the lowest entrap, and the proudest line, the highest pitch. The variance of the pitch could be captured using the reference pitch numbers by spy the starting, mid(prenominal)dle and end-points of the tone.The numbers were indeed en coatingd in two advancing slash tag. For example, /55/ would be a high train tone, whilst /11/ is a low level one. /53/ is a high locomote tone, /35/ is a mid rising tone, whilst /31/ is a mid falling tone. /214/ is a tone which starts low, falls and therefore rises again. Short tones mass also be represented as a single number for instance a short mid level is /3/. By using the numbers, sound one is /55/ distinction two is /35/ pace Three is /21/4 and Tone quartet has the pitch level of /51/. The lines in the above table indicate the pitch contours of the four tones.And the four tones are represented with the pursual symbols (Table 1) Tones First present moment Third Fourth Symbols Examples di di di di Table 1 Symbols of tonal accent If we use the musical beaks to illustrate on the five scale, the four tones have the interest patterns Figure 2 b. The Four Tones Tone whiz Tone One has the highest pitch level for it starts at five and ends up at five. It is high-priced the top of your comfortable range. As a result, you should be able to sound the early tone syllable continuously without effort. ma maaaaaaTone Two Tone Two starts in the middle of your voice range and rises straight toward the level of the commencement exercise tone. It is similar to the English tone wbiddy you are questioning What? ma ma? Tone Three Tone Three is the lowest tone of all. It starts low and accordingly rises towards the middle high pitch level and has eternal duration. Your pitch level should drop until you feel out of breath and then release it. ma Tone Four Tone Four begins at the top of your comfortable range and proceeds quickly to the bottom. It is short and sounds as if you are being stern. ma Tonal exercise exercise 1. get wind to the preserve and read alound a-ma ma-ma ma-ma mi-mi mi-mi mi-mi li-li la-ma fa-fa fa-fa fa-fa ni-ni n i-ni bi-di ni-li la-ma ta-ta ta-ta ta-ta ti-ti ti-ti ti-di li-ni ma-la da-da da-da da-da di-di di-di li-ni ni-li la-ma pa-pa pa-pa pa-pa pi-pi pi-pi ni-mi li-ni pa-ma 2. Listen and indicate the tonal accent for the by-line syllables ta ting da ding ni ning mi fa ma ping pu hao tu lao hen dong bo nin ming lin II. The initials As was introduced earlier, there are 21 initials altogether. Initials are similar to the English consonants. However, they differ in that initials only refer to the consonants that appear in the initial position of a syllable.The 21 initials are listed below according to the positioning of ones gumshield in producing the respectable sounds in Table 2. Table 2 Table of initials Unaspirated Aspirated Labial alveolar consonant Guttural Palatal Retroflex Dental Sibilant b(o) d(e) g(e) j(i) zh(i) z(i) p(o) t(e) k(e) q(i) ch(i) c(i) Nasals m(o) n(e) Fricatives fo l(e) h(e x(i) sh(i) s(i) Voiced Continuants r(i) enchant lower that the initials bear not be markd without adding certain finals. Please practice with your teacher in class and listen to the audio sounds after class. The initials listed in wrangling 1 are called labials because the lips must be used to pronounce them.The sounds in Row 2 are dentals because the teeth are employed to form these sounds. The initials listed in Row 3 are called gutturals, which means their pronunciation, is controlled by the muscles in the hind end of the mouth. Actually, since the initials listed in Rows1-3 are in truth similar to the English consonants, you can execute their sound very easily. The Palatals in Row 4 needs more practice. When pronouncing j and q, you must get-go raise the see of the tongue to the great(p) palate and press the tip of the tongue against the endorse of the lower teeth, and then loosen the tongue and let the air squeeze out through with(predicate) the channel thus made.The two sounds only differ in that the q is an aspirated sound. To pronounce x, you should rai se the front of the tongue towards ( roughly touching) the hard palate and then let the air squeeze out. In short, j(i) is a ilk j in jeep. q(i) is analogous ch in cheap and cheese. x(i) like sh in banshee, among the s in see and the sh in she. Refer to Figure 2 for a divulge understanding. Figure 2 Palatals The initials in Row 5 are retroflexes. To pronounce this sound, the tongue is pulled arse (retroflexed) until the tip touches the front part of the cover of the mouth.The tongue is only a little farther toward the back of the mouth than when pronouncing the initials r in run. To pronounce zh, ch, the tip of the tongue begins by touching the ceiling of the mouth, then quickly moving away. The two sounds differ only in that a strong puff of air accompanies with ch sound. zh is kind of like dg in fudge, and ch is like ch in church, but curl the tongue up toward the zh(i) ch(i) roof of the mouth while pronouncing the ch sound. But when produce the sound of sh, r, the tip of the tongue does not ever touch the roof of the mouth but evidently rests in a close-by position as illustrated in Figure 3 below. h sounds like sh in English, but you should curl the tongue up sh(i) toward the roof of the mouth while pronouncing the sh sound. r(i) sounds zhr as in pleasure. Please position that r is the only initial that is voiced. zh-ch Figure 3 Retroflexes shi ri Dental sibilants (buzzing or hissing sounds) are listed in the last row. They are called Dental sibilants because the pronunciation of which involves the tip of the tongue placed nates the top of front teeth. The tongue must be farther towards the front than when pronouncing an English s. z, is not too far from ds in reads. , is turn up the ts in carts though more air should be blown out. Exercises on Initials 1. Listen and repeat b babi baibei p pipei f fafang h hehao d dadao t titan l linli r ruran j jiaji q qiqi x xiaxiang zh zhzhizhong ch chchuchu sh shshisheng z zizu c s cengci sisuo paipao fanf a heihai dedao tiaoting lunluo rengran jinji qinqing xixin zhaizhu chengche shushi zuzong cancun susong baobi papo fafu hehu didian tantu lailin renren jingjia qingqi xixia zhangzhou chachao shensheng zaizao caice sansi benbo popi fangfa huibusynessng daidong tingtang lingli rongru jingjie qingqing xinxi zhazhen chachang shanshui zizun cuncao sisui ubi piantwinge fenfu huahui dongdan tongtian lanling runri jiajin qinqing xianxiang zhuzhai chuanchu shangshu zangzu cuicu susuan 2. Listen and pronounce the following syllables. Please present attention to the unaspirated initials and aspirated initials b-p piaobo paiban bianpai banping pingpao paobing pingbi pengbi pibao peibei panbi pianpi d-t tongdeng ditou z-c zaici caozuo g-k gekai gongkai kaiguo konggang keku guku kangu kuaigan guke guoku kaigong kuguan cizu zanci zice canzan caizi zaice zacao cezi cazao zican deti daiti tidu tida dianti diaotou tidan dantian ditu ditang 3.Please pronounce the following retroflexes zhuchu shizhang shishi zhizhu chushi reshui ruoshi chicheng shichang shusheng shaoshu zhashe rizhao ruizhi chishui changchu chuanchang zhenzhong chushu shiren renzhi chushou zhenzheng shenzhi chishui zhengshi zhiran renzhi zhichi caishui chuangshang chouchu changcheng shice chuzhong rushi zhiru chuanchang shashi shangren rengran ruchang 4. Please practice the following palatalizeds with the recording pijing qijian qicai qixian jingqi xiaqi xiqi jijin qixiang chuqu chaijian jiuji jiaqi pingxi jianqi pingjing jiaoqi xingjin xiqin qijia qinqie jiqi qixi jiaxiao xianxiang qinjian inxing xiaojing xiangxin xiaji xingqi qingjin jingji jingxi qinxin qingjing qiangquan xiangjin jianqi jiqiao jiajie qingxing 5. Read aloud and compare bfbafang pfpifu dldaili tltuliao fhfahui rlluru zhzzhizao zh chccanchuan ch shsshisi sh zhjzhijing zh chqchaqi ch shxxishou sh jizhe qiche shanxi fabiao fupin lidai liti huifa rangli zizhu chuci sishi zhijin chaiqian xiaoshi binfen pifa dalian tilian fanhuan rili zhuzu changci shensi jiazhi qincha shixi fangbian fangping lada lantian hefa ranliao zengzhang checi shanse zhiji changqing xishu bufu pingfan danliang tianliang fanhua liren zhize chicu shisanIII. The finals The grassroots vowels There are altogether six basic vowels in Chinese as shown in Figure 4. Figure 4 Basic vowels a is a central vowel. To pronounce it, the tongue remains in a natural, relaxed position, as a in suffer. o is a locomote semi-high back vowel. It sounds like o as in or, like the wa in wall. You should have the lips rounded to pronounce it. e is an unrounded semi-high back vowel. To produce this vowel, first-class honours degree pronounce o, then change the shape of the mouth from rounded to unrounded. At the same time open the mouth wider.This vowel is different from e in English, which is pronounced with the tongue raised slightly forward. It needs picky practice. i is an unrounded high front vowel. The tongue is raised higher(prenominal) than it would be to ea. pronou nce its counterpart in English as in tea. u is a rounded high back vowel. The tongue is raised higher than it would be to pronounce its counterpart in English. It slightly resembles the o as in English oo To pronounce it (1) The tongue must be pulled toward the back of the mouth while the lips make a very small coal scuttle in front. 2) Imagining that you lets as much water as possible without each swallowing it or spilling any of it out of the lips. (3) Try to whistle the lowest note possible, then vocalize instead of unquestionablely whistling. u is a rounded high front vowel. It is a combination of i and u. To produce this vowel, (1) first pronounce i, then modify the shape of the mouth from unrounded to rounded (2) move to whistle the highest note, but vocalize instead of actually whistling. i also represents two additional special vowels -i one is an alveolar front vowel, it goes with z, c, s the other is an alveolar ack vowel, it goes with zh, ch, sh, r. The finals A fina l may have one or more vowel sounds and sometimes a consonant ending like -g and ng . In fact, other than -g and -ng other consonants cant appear in a final at all. Putting altogether, there are thirty six finals as listed in Table 3. Table 3 The finals Row -a -i -u -i i a ia e ie -i ai Ending -o/-u ei ao ou iao iu ui -n an en -ng -r ang eng ong er iang ing iong uang ueng ian in uan un u ua uo uai -u u ue uan un ei sounds like eigh in sleigh and eight. ao reads as ow like the au in sauerkraut. u sounds like oh, as in soul. an has the sound of ahn, between the an in can and the on in con. en sounds like un as in run, as en in chicken. ang sounds like ahng, a as in father and ng as in sing. eng has the sound of ung as in hung and lung. ong ong(ueng) is like the ung in German jung or, u as in enthrone positivistic ng as in sing. er crosses between ar and er. ia sounds like ee-ah (quickly, as one syllable), like the ya in yacht. ie reads as ee-eh (quickly), like the ye in yet. iao sta rts with ee in see and end with ow in now. u iu(iou) sounds like yo as in you or eo as in Leo, close to u in union. ian reads as ee-en (quickly)( an after i sounds between man and men in English) in in(ien) sounds like een as in seen, like the ine in machine. iang sounds like ee-ahng (quickly) . ing ing(ieng) is similar to ing as in ring. iong goes like ee-ong (quickly), almost like German jung. ua sounds like wa as in gargle and the wa in wander. uo sounds like the wo as in wore and the wa in waltz. uai sounds like why or like the wi in wide. ui( ui(uei) goes like way, between we and weigh. uan is similar to wahn, as in wander . n un(uen) is similar to when or the wen in Owen. uang sounds like wahng. ueng starts with u as in adorn then quickly goes to eng. ue goes like the German umlaut u in uber plus e in ie. uan starts with u and then wan as in wander. un starts with u and then goes on to en quickly. Please note that the vowel quality of some finals varies with different tones. For example, the final iu (you) with the first and the ordinally tone will sound different. Therefore, our localise should be on the the true of the tones instead of on the distinctions. Exercises on Finals 1.Please read the following syllables aloud o pomo bopo fotuo e u u er er ei ei ao ao lehe bufu yuju erjiu feiche paomao keke pubu xuqu erhu xuefei gaozhao ou zhou nuoruo tongxue zhuisui tanpan renzhen qinxin hundun tese zhuchu quju erxi beihou baodao dou ou guocuo hulue huigui ganhan genben pinyin kunlun moluo hege tushu quyu ji er leihen laobao shougou tuoluo yuanyue cuihui canzan menzhen xinxin shuncong mopo ji e fuwu yunu ersai weisuo baochao goushou cuoluo yuenan hesui shanshi shenchen xinyin zungui ou ou shouhou uo uo zuocuo ue ui ui xuexiao huicui n an canlan en en in in zhenren binlin un un chunsun 2. Contrasts ou(u)o ou(u)odoushuo uu u eiui eiui lushu duilei gouduo luxu cuifei shoucuo juzu beiwei tuolou lutu leitui rouguo quchu leizhui aoou ao ou baochou anang anang dangran eneng en engzhenzheng ining xinxing ining ong-iong ong-ionglongxiong uanunyuanjuan an uanun luanlun uan ie ue ie uiu uiu iu jieyue jiuju laorou nanfang zhencheng xinqing yonggong qunxuan chuannuan xuejie qujiu chanshen jiaohao chaoshou chargewan chengren jinling qionglong yuanjun tuandun quexie luxiu shancen qiaogao houtao hangang zhengshen pinqing xiongyong xuanyun shunshuan xieyue jiuqu zhenchan liaokao roudao kangzhan lengshen yingxin jiongpo quanjun chunguan juelie xuliu nanfen daoqiao enan en an sanzhen aoiao ao iaoxiaoyao III. Pinyin Romanization-spelling endures draw reins Pinyin Romanization has been the official romanization system in the Peoples Republic of China since 1958. Some of the finals (in boldface) listed in Table 3 are spelled differently as shown below in Table 4. Row -a -i -u -u -i a e -i ai Ending -o/-u ei ao ou yao you -n an en -ng -r ang eng ong er yang ying yong wang weng i ya ye wu wa wo yu yue wai wei yan yin wan wen yuan yun Table 4 Finals in Pinyin Romanization The spelling rules are summarized as below Tone marks We know that the four tones are indicated by the diacritical marks -, /, /, that appear above the vowels of spelled syllables. There are rules to follow about where to typeset the diacritical marks. First, if there is a single vowel in the syllable, put it over the vowel. Second, if there is more than one vowel, put it over the vowel in this order a, o, e, i, or u. When two vowels i and u are together, you put it over the last vowel.Third, if the diacritical mark is over an i, shed the dot. xin new (adj. ) re hot (s. v. ) ren person (n. ) dui correct (adj. ) leng cold (s. v. ) liu to keep on (v) Spelling rules u 1. When the uo final combines with the labial initials b, p, m, f, the u drops out. bo wave (n. ) po broken or worn out (adj. ) mo to rub (v. ) fo Buddha (n. ) u But the u stays when any other initial is used. duo much or many (adj. ) cuo -wrong (adj. ) 2. When the u final combines with th e palatal initials j, q, or x, the umlaut drops out. This is u because only the u final can go with j, q, or x, but not the u final.Therefore, any time a u comes after j, q, or x, one knows it has to be the u final even though the umlaut is not there. ju (ju) office or bureau (n. ) qu (qu) to go (v. ) xu (xu) to permit (v. ) The only other initials that u combines with are l and n. In these cases, the umlaut stays nu female (adj. ) lu green(adj. ) i i y 3. When the finals scratch with i occur without an initial, the i changes to y. ie ye also (adv. ) iao yao want (v. ) The three finals i, in and ing are exceptions to rule three, in which case a y is in, i added while the i remains i yi one (num. in yin to print (v. ) ing ying hard (s. v. ) i y When the final iu (iou) goes without an initial, the i changes to a y by rule four o and an o is added iu you to have (v. ) u u w 4. When the finals beginning with u occur without an initial, the u changes to w. uo wo I or me ua n wan sports stadium w The u final is an exception to rule five. When it occurs without an initial, the w is added uwu five (number) u When the ui (uei) and un (uen) finals occur without an initial, the u changes to a w e w by rule five and an e is added ui wei stomach (n. un wen to ask (v. ) 5. When the finals beginning with u occur without an initial, the umlaut drops out and a y y is added in front. u yu fish (n. ) uan yuan distant (adj. ) 6. If the noun is a place name, then capitalize the first garner. If it is a Chinese name, capitalize the first letter of the surname and given name. beijing Beijing (Peking) wang xiaoxiao Wang Xiaoxiao niuyuu Niuyue (New York) zhang zhong Zhang Zhong (a name) Spelling exercises 1. Please correct the spellings for the following syllables uan uan diu buo ian wun zo ie uen wuei iu jan qong chuen wui yuan 2. Spell the dictated syllables and add the diacritical marks. ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ __________ _ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ IV. Tone sandhi Tone sandhi refers to the sound change in tones when different sounds come together. Sandhi in Sankrit means putting together. Third tone Sandhi In Mandarin Chinese, the most common tone sandhi rule is that the leading syllable in a circle of two trine-tone syllables is raised to the plunk for tone. For example, nihao ( , the most common Mandarin greeting, is pronounced nihao. If there are more than two third tones, the same rule applies although other rules may apply. Exercise Please read the following syllables. hen hao mai jiu shuijiao qi zao caozi yunxu chao mi mijiu jiugui suoyi zao zou liaojie yufa Lao Li yuanzu xiang zou yaogou xizao shuiguo ni hao laohu da gu bie zou xiao jiao Half third tone If a third tone is followed by the first, second or the twenty-five percent tone, the third tone will only keep the falling pitch and remains there instead of rising. Since it is half(a) reali zed, it is called a half third tone.Actually, a full third tone is only possible when it is say final or when it is by itself. The following figure (Figure 5) will indicate the change. Figure 5 Half third tone Exercises Please read the following syllables. Exercises Niuyue (New York) Beijing (Beijing) laoshi (teacher) caihong (rainbow) wo lai (I will do it. ) wangqiu (tennis) zoulu (to walk) keshi (but ) qing wen (May I ask? ) Faguo nuhai ni shuo (France) (girl) (You speak) Meiguo (America) haokan (good-looking) falu (law) qing zuo (Please sit. ) qing shuo (Please speak. ) hao shu (good book) daqiu (to play a game) ni kan (You look. luyou (to travel) Fourth-tone Sandhi When a fourth tone is followed by another fourth tone, the first one becomes a variant of the regular fourth tone as illustrated below in Figure 6. Figure 6 Fourth Tone Sandhi As indicated in Figure 6, the modified fourth tone starts as a regular fourth tone does. But its pitch level only drops to Scale 3, half as fa r as a full fourth. Exercise Please read the following syllables. duihua (dialogue) guixing (honorable surname) Yidali (Italy) zaijian (goodbye) dianshi (T. V. ) sushe (dormitory) shuijiao (to sleep) shang ke (to go to class) zhaogu (to turn over care of) ieshao (to introduce) kanbao (to read newspaper) jiaoshi (classroom) Tone Sandhi for yi and bu Yi (one once) and bu (no, not) will also undergo tone sandhi under certain conditions. Preceding a syllable with the first, second or third tone, yi becomes yi. Bu keeps the fourth tone without any change. yiqi (together) bu hao (not good) yi jia (a family) butong (not same) yinian (one year) buting (not listen) When preceding a syllable with a fourth tone, both yi and bu become a second tone. yigong (altogether) buhui (can not) yixia (a little bit) buguo (but) yiyang (same) bukan (not to look)When yi and bu are phrase final or used alone, they keep their original tones yi and bu. Please note that the tone of yi and bu will change only w hen they mean yi (one once) bu (no not). Exercise Please read the following syllables syllables. yitian (a day) bu leng (not cold) yiding (definitely) yihuir (a moment) bu zhidao (I dont know. ) yizu (a group) bu zao (not early) yi. ge (one + measure word) bu re (not hot) bu dui (not correct) buqu (not to go) di yi (the first) bu shi (not to be) bu mai (not to sell) bu xing (not okay) bu tai hao(not that good) buda (not big) u lai (not to come) Neutral tone tone In actual speech, all unstressed syllables are pronounced with a neutral tone, which is sometimes considered as a lack of tone. In most varieties of Mandarin, the second syllable in two-syllable compounds is weaker in tonal prominence than the first one. A modify tone takes very little time to pronounce and does not hold or stick to its original tone. When actually pronouncing a neutral tone, one should not consider how a neutral tone sounds but focus on the tonal feature of the syllable that goes before it.Generally speaki ng, the pitch level of a neutral tone differs when following different tones as indicated in Figure 7. Figure7 Pitch level of neutral tones From Figure 6, we know that when following the first tone, the pitch level of a neutralized syllable is around the middle low pitch, i. e. at Scale 2. When it is after a second tone, the pitch level settles around middle pitch, i. e. Scale 3. When it goes after a third tone (half third tone actually), the pitch level is around middle high pitch, i. e. Scale 4. Its pitch level is the lowest, when a neutral tone is right after the fourth tone, i. . Scale 1. Whether a syllable is neutralized or not, one cant tell from the Pinyin. In this book, we will either put a dot before a neutralized syllable or simply indicate it without a tone mark. Exercises Please read the following syllables. xue. sheng (student) xi. huan (to like) di. fang (place) he. qi (gentle) tian. qi (weather) shu. fu (comfortable) ren. shi (to know sb. ) ta. men (they/them) women ( we/ us) peng. you (friend) shen. me (what) jue. de ming. zi ge. ge fu. qin ma. ma ye. ye sun. zi (to feel) (name) (elder brother) (father) (mom) (grandfather) (grandson) yin. ei (because) di. di (younger brother) xie. xie (Thank you. ) jie. jie (elder sister) cong. ming (smart) er. zi (son) mu. qin (mother) ba. ba (dad) nai. nai (grandmother) ming. bai (clear) xing. fu (happy) shi. qing (things) ke. yi (may) suoyi (therefore) ai. hao (hobby) gezi (height) dui. fu (to contain with) gongfu (Konfu) shuo. chu. lai (to speak out) er. duo (ear) guaibude (no wonder) kan. qi. lai (it seems that) xi. huan. shang(to begin to like) shuo. bude (cant be blamed) The fickle r sound sound Northerners, especially Beijingese tend to add the fickle r to a word. uar (flower) menr(door) baimianr (drug, cocain) nar (where) qiur (ball) dianyingr (movie) dahuor (everybody) xiangweir (fragnant) hua huar (to draw) ge menr (buddy) miantiao (noodles) yucir (fish bone) yi kuair (together) xiao niaor (little bi rd) xiaohair ( little kid) yi dianr ( a bit) liaotianr (to chat) fan guanr (restaurant) mei zhunr (not sure) mei shir (nothing) xiao huar (joke) changger (to sing) guai wanr ( to make a turn) More Pinyin exercises 1. Please read the following syllables tongxue (classmate) waiguo (foreign country) xiao. iao (a Chinese name) Shanghai (Shanghai) Jiazhou (California) gaoxing (happy) Zhongguo (China) Meiguo (America) peng. you (friend) liuxuesheng ( supranational student) Yingguo (Britain) Lundun (London) xi. huan (to like) zhi. dao (to know) 2. Please read the following sentences Jintian tian. qi hen hao. (The weather is good today. ) Bu leng bu re. (It is neither cold nor hot. ) Xin tongxue dou hen gao. xing. (New students are very happy. ) Robert shi Meiguo xue. sheng (Robert is an American student. ) Robert , ta you hen duo tongxue. you Meiguo tongxue, ye you waiguo tongxue (He has many classmates. (There are American students. ) (and there are also foreign students. ) , , T a you yi ge Zhongguo pengyou, (He has a Chinese friend,) xing Wang jiao Wang Xiaoxiao. (whose surname is Wang and is called Xiaoxiao. ) Zhang Yizhong ye. shi Robert de xin peng. you. Robert (Zhang Yizhong is also Roberts new friend. ) Ta bu . shi Meiguo xue. sheng. (He is not an American student. ) Ta shi Zhongguo liuxuesheng. (He is an international student from China. ) Wang Xiaoxiao shi Beijingren. (Wang Xiaoxiao is from Beijing. Zhang Yizhong bu. shi Beijingren, shi Shanghairen. , (ZhangYizhong is not from Beijing. He is from Shanghai. ) Robert hai you yi. ge Yingguo tongxue jiao Alex. Robert ,? Alex. (Robert also has a classmate from Britain, whose name is Alex. ) Ta ye shi liuxuesheng. (He is also an international student. ) Robert gen Alex dou hen xi. huan Zhongguo. (They both like China. ) Robertand Alex ye dou hen xi. huan Zhongwen. (Also they both like Chinese. ) Ni. shi Meiguo shenme di. fang ren? (Where are you from in the U. S.? ) ren. hi nimen hen gao. xing. (It is my pleasure to know you. ) 3. Please read the following poems Jing ye si (Li Bai) Chuang qian ming yue guang, Yi shi di shang shuang. ju tou wang ming yue, di tou si gu xiang. (In the quiet night So bright a gleam on the foot of my bed Could there have been a frost already? Lifting myself to look, I found that it was moonlight. drop down back again, I thought suddenly of home. ) Chun xiao (Meng Haoran) Chun mian bu jue xiao, Chu chu wen ti niao. Ye lai feng yu sheng, hua luo zhi duo shao. A Spring morning Awake light-hearted this morning of spring, everywhere round me the singing of birds But now I remember the night, the storm, And I wonder how many blossoms were broken. Yong e (Luo Bin Wang) e e e, Qu xiang xiang tian ge, Baimao fu lu shui, Hong zhang bo qing bo. (Twisting its neck, , , , the goose is singing to the sky. With its white feather on the green water, the red palms are striking on the clear water. ) Hui xiang ou shu (He Zhizhang) Shao xia o li jia lao da gui, Xiang yin wei gai bin mao cui. er tong xiang jian bu xiang shi, Xiao wen ke cong he chu lai. (Coming home I left home young. I return old Speaking as then, but with hair grown thin And the children, meeting me, do not know me. They smile and say Stranger, where do you come from? ) 4. Tongue twisters Si shi si. Shi shi shi. Shi si shi shi si. Si shi shi si shi. Si shi si shi si shi si. Four is four. Ten is ten. Fourteen is fourteen. Forty is forty. Forty four is forty four. Che shang you ge pen, Pen li you ge ping, ping ping ping, pang pang pang, bu zhi shi pen peng ping hai shi ping peng pen. , , , , , There is a basin in the car, and a bottle in the basin. Bin bin bin, bang bang bang, Not knowing which is hitting which. Shu. shang you zhi xiao taozi, Shu xia you zhi xiao houzi. Feng chui tao shu hua hua xiang, Shu. shang diao xia xiao taozi. Taozi da zhao xiao houzi, Houzi chi diao xiao taozi. (There is a peach on the tree, There is a monkey und er the tree. The wind blows and the tree talks, With the wind, the peach falls, Right onto the monkey. And the monkey eats the peach. ) , , ,